Biomarker assessment of lanthanum on a freshwater invertebrate, Dreissena polymorpha

tons of oxides in 2003 [3]. However, this growing use of REEs is accompanied by enrichment to the environment [4]. Indeed, REE senter the groundwater and eventually migrate into rivers and lakes [5] and reach humans through trophic transfer [6, 7]. Despite their widespread applications, environmental risks related to REEs have received little attention which explains the paucity of data about their bioavailability and ecotoxicological impact. Thus, more research on the environmental impacts and biological effects of REE sis required [8].